A 2025 systematic review explored the impact of oral probiotics on knee osteoarthritis (OA), based on the emerging “gut-joint axis” theory. After analyzing five randomized controlled trials, the authors concluded:
“Oral probiotics had an ameliorative effect on function, pain, and inflammatory response in patients with knee OA.” – Tian et al., 2025
While probiotics are generally safe, they can sometimes cause mild digestive symptoms.
Other supplements that have shown potential benefits for joint health include turmeric, glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3.
As PTs, we don’t prescribe supplements or offer detailed nutritional advice. However, encouraging patients to consult a pharmacist and consider an 8-week trial of probiotics—or any of the above supplements—alongside an exercise program, might be a helpful suggestion.